Below this, each switch is a branch of the root system, branching off and reaching the devices at the root tips. If you think of it as the root system of a tree, the root bridge is the base of the trunk, the point where the root system begins. The switch with the lowest BID is designated as the root bridge.
This innovative standard was codified in the IEEE standard 802.1D, last revised in 2004.Įach switch is assigned a number by the network designer, called the Bridge ID (BID) which indicates its prominence in the network. She created the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), which allows each switch in the network to figure out its place in the scheme of things. So how do you avoid this? Perlman’s solution was deceptively simple. That can create a broadcast storm, where the links between switches become filled with these echoing packets. The first switch then resends it to the second, and so on. A loop is where one switch passes a packet of data to another, which then sends it back to the first. You also have multiple possible ways to route data, which creates the possibility of loops. That way, if one connection failed, you had a backup. To create networks that could survive the loss of a connection, a switch would be connected to multiple other switches.
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But LANs are seldom that simple, and with more computers being connected to the nascent Internet, it was getting harder to figure out how to effectively and efficiently route data between multiple switches. When one device sends out a data packet, the switch (a router that includes the ability to switch data between multiple ports) passes it onto the other device.
Imagine a small network of two computers connected to a router. Specifically, how do you stop data from getting trapped in a loop? At DEC, she was tasked with looking into ways to deal with the increasing complexity of the local area networks (LANs) that the company was creating. “Most important of all,” the abstract for her paper describing the project says, “it should teach that learning is fun.” Spanning TreeĪfter getting her masters and leaving MIT, Perlman joined BBN, a defense contractor, then moved to Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1980. This was controlled by buttons that allowed the toddler to experiment with a Logo turtle with a less intimidating interface than existing systems. Perlman created Toddlers Own Recursive Turtle Interpreter System (TORTIS), a simplified version of LOGO that could be used by pre-school children. In the simplest version of this language, kids could learn the fundamentals of programming by writing programs that controlled the motion of an on-screen or motorized turtle. While she was working on her Master’s degree, she worked with Seymour Papert at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab, which was working on LOGO, the first programming language for children. She graduated from MIT in 1973 and got her Masters degree in 1976. But before she created this fundamental Internet protocol, she also worked on LOGO, the first programming language for children, creating a dialect for toddlers.īorn in 1952, Perlman was a prodigy who excelled in math and science, and in her own words, “Every time there was a new subject or a quiz I would be very excited at the opportunity to solve all sorts of puzzles”. How do you route data, making sure that the data is spread to all parts of the network? You use an algorithm called the spanning tree protocol - just one of the contributions to computer science of a remarkable engineer, Dr. As computer networks get bigger, it becomes increasingly hard to keep track of the flow of data over this network.
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